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| 221-205
(review):
Philip V of Macedon allies with
Achaeans, Aetolians in 221, then with Hannibal and Carthage in 215. 1st
Macedonian War 215-205, ending in peace treaty with Rome in 205 |
| 200:
Philip allies with Antiochus III of the Seleucid
Empire
Rhodes & Attalus of Pergamum appeal to Rome |
| 200-196:
2nd Macedonian War |
| 197:
Rome increases number of praetorships to 6.
Battle of Cynoscephalae in Thessaly (Greece): T. Quinctius Flamininus + Aetolia + Achaea vs. Philip V. Philip evacuates Greece, hands over fleet and one son as hostage, keeps Macedon. |
| 196:
Flamininus declares the Greeks "free" (Plut.
Flam.: "first he removed the shackle from the foot of Greece and
then he put it around her neck")
Flamininus defeats Nabis of Sparta but leaves him in control to check Achaeans |
| 191:
Rome + Rhodes + Pergamum (King Eumenes II)
vs. Antiochus III + Aetolia at Thermopylae (Philip V on the sidelines).
Antiochus surrenders money, ships, Asia Minor. Pergamum and Rhodes control Asia Minor. Aetolia surrenders and swears to preserve Rome's imperium and maiestas ("sovereignty") |
| 179:
Perseus, son of Philip, forges alliances with
Greece's poor, foments rebellion by abolishing debts, interferes in Greek
politics. |
| 172:
Eumenes II of Pergamum persuades Rome to wage
war vs. Perseus |
| 172-167:
Rome declares war = 3rd Macedonian War. |
| 168:
L. Aemilius Paullus (consul) vs. Perseus +
Greeks at Pydna in Thessaly, routs Macedonian phalanx, Perseus dies in
captivity in Rome. |
| 167:
Illyria & Epirus seized, besieged, enslaved
by L. Aemlius Paullus.
Macedonia split into 4 client states. 1000 leading Achaeans arrested (including Polybius). Hundreds of leading Aetolians murdered. Rhodes (guilty of suggesting peace) loses possessions in Asia Minor, weakened, leading to rise in piracy. Antiochus IV of Seleucid Empire surrenders to Roman maiestas. |
| 150-147:
Return of Achaean exiles & Roman oppression
of Greeks leads to 4th Macedonian War. Andriscus, pretender to Macedonian
throne, leads revolt. |
| 147:
Defeat of Andriscus in Macedon. Macedonia
becomes a province. |
| 146:
L. Mummius sacks nationalistic Corinth to
show Achaeans Rome's intent. Oligarchies established in Greece. |
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| 195:
Hannibal exiled from Carthage and joins Antiochus
III in Seleucia |
| 194: Rome grants Asia Minor to Antiochus III (who seized Thrace; lower Syria from Egypt) |
| 192:
Rome declares war on Antiochus. |
| 191:
Rome + Rhodes + Pergamum (King Eumenes) vs.
Antiochus III + Aetolia at Thermopylae
Antiochus surrenders money, ships & withdraws to Asia Minor. |
| 190:
L. Cornelius Scipio (consul) & brother
P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus invade Asia |
| 189: Scipios defeat Antiochus at Magnesia in Asia Minor. |
| 188: Antiochus surrenders all territory north of Seleucia. Pergamum and Rhodes split control of Asia Minor. |
| 183:
Suicide of Hannibal. Death of P. Cornelius
Scipio Africanus after years of charges of embezzlement |
| 172:
Eumenes II of Pergamum persuades Rome to wage
war vs. Perseus |
| 168:
L. Aemilius Paullus vs. Perseus + Rhodes +
Achaea at Pydna in Thessaly
Rhodes loses possessions in Asia Minor, weakened, leading to rise in piracy. |
| 168:
Antiochus IV invades Egypt. Rome's envoy,
C. Popillius Laenas draws circle in sand.
Antiochus IV surrenders to Roman maiestas. |
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| 201:
Peace with Carthage, which becomes client
state.
Masinissa king of Greater Numidia. |
| 197: Rome organizes Hispania Citerior ("Nearer") and Ulterior ("Farther") Spain |
| 195:
Hannibal exiled & joins Antiochus. Masinissa
raids Carthage. |
| 173:
Rome arbitrates between Carthage and Masinissa |
| 155-139: Viriathus leads revolt vs. Rome: Lusitanian War (western Spain), resulting in Roman conquest of Lusitania |
| 181-179, 153-151, 143-133: Celtiberian War (eastern Spain), resulting in destruction of Numantia by P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus |
| 151:
M. Porcius Cato demands Carthago delenda
est ("Carthage must be destroyed").
Carthage declares war on Masinissa. |
| 149:
Rome begins siege of Carthage. Masinissa dies
of old age. |
| 146:
P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus (son of L.
Aemilius Paullus, adopted by Scipiones) destroys Carthage |
| 137:
Numantines traps consular army. Tiberius Sempronius
Gracchus negotiates treaty. |
| 133:
Destruction of Numantia in Spain by P. Cornelius
Scipio Aemlianus (Gracchus' brother-in-law) |
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