patricii ("patricians") and plebes ("plebeians")
consul, consules with imperium, lictors, fasces and auspicium; right to veto ("I forbid")
dictator and magister equitum
Senatus
Comitia Curiata ("Curiate Assembly"): 30 curiae
patronage: patronus and cliens
pontifex, pontifices, pontifex maximus, augures ("augurs") and rex sacrorum ("king of sacred matters")
"cooptation"
cursus honorum, or "course of honors"
maior potestas
consular imperium
tribuni militum consulari potestate, "military tribunes with consular power" created ca. 445 BC
L. Sextius, G. Licinius (= Lucius Sextius and Gaius Licinius), plebeian tribunes in 367 BC, abolished military tribune, restored annual consulship, and established that at least one consul was plebeian
praetor, praetores created the following year, 366 BC ("junior consul" with civil administrative responsibilities) (3rd century: praetor urbanus, "urban praetor," and praetor peregrinus, "foreign praetor")
censor, censores; census (no imperium)
tributum (wartime tax)
Comitia Centuriata ("Centuriate Assembly")
quaestor, quaestores
aedile, aediles, aediles curules ("curule aediles")
Cult of Diana on Aventine Hill; Temple of Ceres between Aventine and Capitoline Hills
prorogatio = promagistracies
ager Romanus

300 members of the Senatus: oligarchic (former consuls and praetors), controlled state funds, directed foreign policy, administered public lands, oversaw and disbursed magistrates' responsibilities (all scrutinized by censors)
princeps senatus
comitia curiata ("Curiate Assembly") originally the tribal, patrician, legislative assembly. Based on geography, perhaps family. Earliest function: confirm rex (vote by acclamatio). Later, passes resolutions (plebiscita). Soon loses influence to the comitia centuriata.
True power in the hands of the comitia centuriata, passing legislation, deciding war and peace, overseeing elections, acting as court of appeals. Centuriae = "centuries" or groups of 100. Organized 450-300 BC. Classes = classes, divided into 2 groups (iuniores 17-45 and seniores 46-60)
Note: military terminology (centuries of equites or cavalry, of heavy infantry; then of artisans and proletarii)
legio = 40 iuniores + 10 iuniores + 10 iuniores (3 top classes of iuniores) = 60 centuriae or 6000 men
Meeting place: Campus Martius outside of the pomerium
patrum auctoritas = "power of the fathers"
nexum
494 BC: first secessio. Result:tribuni plebis or "Plebeian Tribunes"
471 BC: concilium plebis or "Plebeian Assembly," organized by tribes, presided over by plebeian tribunes
sacrosanctitas
plebiscita
Appius Claudius, decemviri and the Twelve Tables: 451-450 BC
ca. 449 BC: decemviri overthrown, plebeian secession
447: creation of comitia tributa or "Tribal Assembly"
445: Lex Canuleia (from Gaius Canuleius, Tribune of the Plebs)
367: Leges Licinia-Sextia (from Gaius Licinius and Lucius Sextius, Tribunes of the Plebs)
312 BC: another Appius Claudius ("Caecus") built the Appia Claudia, opened the rural tribes of the comitia tributa to proletarians and freedmen
300 BC: Lex Ogulnia (Quintus and Gnaeus Ogulnius, Tribunes of the Plebs)
287 BC: last secession of plebeians; Quintus Hortensius and lex Hortensia: all plebiscita now have the force of law, Senate compelled to endorse legislative assemblies