| INQUIRY INTO | THE PAST | ||
| ARXAIOS | arCHAIos | ARCHAIC | "ancient" |
| ARXAIOLOGIA | archaioloGIa | ARCHAEOLOGY | "study of ancient things" |
| HISTORIA | histoRIa | HISTORY | "inquiry" |
| GOVERNMENTAL | CONCEPTS | ||
| MONARXIA | monarCHIa | MONARCHY | "rule of the one" |
| OLIGARXIA | oligarCHIa | OLIGARCHY | "rule of the few" |
| ARISTOKRATIA | aristokraTIa | ARISTOCRACY | "power in the hands of the best" |
| TURANNIS | TYRannis | TYRANNY | "usurpation of power" |
| TURANNUS | TYRannus | TYRANT | "usurper of power" |
| DHMOKRATIA | demokraTIa | DEMOCRACY | "rule of the people" |
| FIELDS OF | INTELLECTUAL | INQUIRY | |
| OIKONOMIA | oikonoMIa | ECONOMICS | "regulation of the household" |
| OIKOLOGIA | oikoloGIa | ECOLOGY | "study of the household" |
| FILOSOFIA | filosoFIa | PHILOSOPHY | "love of wisdom" |
| MAQHMATIKA | matheMAtika | MATHEMATICS | "knowledge" |
| GEOMETRIA | geomeTRIa | GEOMETRY | "measurement of the earth" |
| VALUE SYSTEMS | |||
| TIMH | TImay | TIM(OCRACY) | "honor, worth"; "rule of the wealthy" |
| ARETH | areTAY | "virtue, excellence" | |
| KLEOS | KLEos | "reputation" | |
| THE ARTS | |||
| MOUSIKA | MOUsika | MUSIC | "art of the Muse" |
| TRAGOIDIA | tragoiDIa | TRAGEDY | "song of the goat" |
| KOMOIDIA | comoiDIa | COMEDY | "song of the band of revellers" |
| KERAMEIKA | keRAmeika | CERAMICS | "potter's clay" |
| ARXITEKTWN | archiTEKton | ARCHITECT | "lead designer" |
| NOMISMA | NOmisma | NUMISMATICS | "coinage" |
| CITIZENSHIP | |||
| HOPLITES, HOPLA | HOplites, HOpla | HOPLITES | "heavily-armed foot soldier"; "arms" |
| POLIS, POLITEIA, POLITES | POlis, poliTEIa, poliTES | POLIS, POLITICS | "city-state"; "constitution"; "citizen" |
| Trojan War | ca. 1200 BC |
| End of Bronze Age | ca. 1100 BC |
| First Wave of Colonization: East to Ionia | ca. 1000 BC |
| Acquisition of Alphabet | ca. 800 BC |
| Introduction of Olympic Games | 776 BC |
| Homer's Iliad and Odyssey | ca. 750 BC, 725 BC |
| Second Wave of Colonization: West to Italy, Sicily | ca. 735 BC |
| Collapse of Monarchies | ca. 700 BC |
| Hoplite Revolution | ca. 680 BC |
| Third Wave of Colonization: Black Sea | ca. 650 BC |
| Age of Tyrants | ca. 600-500 BC |
| Peisistratid Tyranny in Athens | 546-510 BC |
| Invention of Tragedy | ca. 525 BC |
| Origins of Democracy | 508 BC |
| Conflict between East and West, Stage I: Battle of Marathon | 490 BC |
| Conflict between East and West, Stage II: Battles of Thermopylae & Artemision, Salamis, Plataia | 480-479 BC |
| Foundation of Delian League | 477 BC |
| Rise of Athenian Empire | 477-460 BC |
| Age of Perikles | 460-430 BC |
| Peloponnesian War | 432-404 BC |