A SUBJECT INDEX to Ira Gitler, From Swing to Bop
(Index Version 1.1 -- July 1997)
USE these LINKS
to MOVE directly through the index
TO SOME IMPORTANT TOPICS:
AUDIENCE
(concerts; fans; negative reactions)
BANDS, BIG
BUSINESS of ENTERTAINMENT and MUSIC
(auditions; booking agents; contracts; music stores;
networking; personnel; producers; publicity; radio;
recording companies; salaries; unions; working conditions)
DRUGS
EDUCATION
INFLUENCE, BY/of
INFLUENCE, ON
INSTRUMENTS and INSTRUMENTALISTS
LINGO
(musical and non-musical lingo)
MUSIC: see also selected sub-topics below
MUSIC: ARRANGING
MUSIC: COMPOSITION & IMPROVISATION
MUSIC: READING & NOTATION
MUSIC: STYLE CATEGORIES
MUSIC: THEORETICAL CONCEPTS and TERMS
(form; harmony; melody; phrasing;
rhythm and meter; technique; tempo; tone color; voicing)
MUSICIANS, LIFE OF
NICKNAMES
PERSONAL INTERACTIONS and RELATIONSHIPS
RACE
TRAVEL
VENUES (LISTED BY NAME)
(ballrooms; clubs; concerts; dances; hotels; jam sessions; theaters)
VENUES: INFORMATION
WOMEN
and now...
THE INDEX
(Browse away!!!)
ALCOHOL (see DRUGS: ALCOHOL)
ANTI-SEMITISM (see RACE: TENSIONS, PREJUDICE, and DISCRIMINATION)
Arkansas 16
ARMY (see MILITARY)
ARRANGING (see MUSIC, ARRANGING AND COMPOSITION)
ARRESTS (see PRISON)
ATTITUDE (see PERSONAL INTERACTIONS and RELATIONSHIPS)
AUDIENCE (fans, fan clubs, etc.) TOP of INDEX TOPICS
CONCERTS
Stan Kenton's 10
grade school kids, catching 3 P.M. show 21
FANS
of Dizzy Gillespie 137
young audience 126, 133
support 166, 169
fan clubs 23
NEGATIVE REACTIONS
disapproval of music 204
indifference 207
not understood 160 (California)
reputations of individual players 10
BANDS, BIG 161, 167 TOP of INDEX TOPICS
bebop for big bands (for sections) 204
COMMERCIAL SUCCESS (popularity) of
comparable to rock bands later 9
loyalty to 201, 211-212
CREATIVE ENVIRONMENT
effect on creativity 11
insulated from influence 11
like an assembly line 170
DEMISE of the BIG BANDS 252, 291
PROBLEMS WITH
problems within 205, 216-217
difficulties in organizing 243
SECTIONS
reed section, problems with 131
SIDEMEN 10
SIZE OF 25
ever increasing 247
small bands within big bands 21
Cab Jivers with Calloway 21
soloists, (limited) role within big bands 23, 29, 205
BANDS, SMALL (combos, etc.) 21, 23-24
Influence on big bands 246
BLUES 12, 129, 173
BOOKS
Bird Lives! 179, 183
From Bird With Love 183
BUSINESS of ENTERTAINMENT and MUSIC TOP of INDEX TOPICS
AUDIENCE (see AUDIENCE)
AUDITIONS 179, 181, 242
BOOKING AGENTS, MANAGERS 132, 298
advice for bands 126-127
clubs, and booking one nighters 243
Morris, William 301
Shaw, Billy 124, 126, 131
COMPETITION
competition for gigs 93
towards other bands 239
CONTRACTS
recording 300
CRITICS 203
downbeat 125, 127
of Art Tatum, 49
INVESTORS 207
MUSIC STORES
Commodore Music Shop 135
NETWORKING 93, 111, 204
arrangements given for free 128
PERFORMANCE VENUES (after-hours, ballrooms balls, clubs, concerts, dances, radio, roadhouses, state fairs, theaters, tobacco warehouses: see VENUES)
PERSONNEL
FIRING 55, 91, 94
getting gigs 78, 84, 90-91
HIRING 9, 57, 90-94, 160, 169, 179
not hiring 205
on recommendation 84
quitting 164-165, 172
trading off 202, 204-205, 214
PRODUCERS
Bass, Ralph 164, 170
Bihari, Jules 163, 173
Dexter, Dave 165
Granz, Norman 166, 173
Russell, Ross 172-173, 175, 179-182
PROMOTERS 169
PUBLICITY
Companies 298
Independent 298
Interviews 300
Life magazine 135
RADIO 202-204, 206
broadcasting 95, 166
Billy Berg's Swing Club (LA) 166
Black Hawk Restaurant: audience of millions 26
Cotton Club (NCY) 12
Roseland Ballroom (NYC) 45
Savoy Ballroom (NYC) 56
Streets of Paris (LA) 166
Disc Jockeys 298
RADIO SHOWS
Mobil Gas 161
"Saturday Session at the Savoy" 56
Vallee, Rudy 160
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
Southern preference for blues 12
RECORDING LABELS & COMPANIES
Aladdin Records 173
Black and White Records 165, 173
Bop 169
Brunswick 27
Capital Records 165, 178, 212, 241, 253, 301
Chess Records 164
Columbia 319
Commodore 135
Decca 34
Dial Records 178, 182, 183
Elektra Musician 27
Guild/Musicraft 212
Jewel 212
Mercury 212, 294
Modern Records 163, 173
Prestige 319
RCA 246
Rex Records 163
Savoy 170
Signature 40
Verve 319
Warner Brothers 308
RECORDS & RECORDINGS
78's (rpm) 38
12-inch 78s (10-inch was standard) 40
album covers
contracts, recording 300
engineers, recording
Bob Fine 294
illegal (pirate) 170
Jazz at the Philharmonic series 166
jukeboxes 169, 306
race records 12
recording ban 95, 116, 169-170, 251, 301
recordings made during 169-170
V-Disc 131, 210
REVIEWS, (see CRITICS)
ROYALTIES
SALARIES, COMPENSATION 10, 56-57, 87, 89, 91, 107, 131, 133, 163-164, 166, 182, 296
apartments, for 247
fines 300
insufficient 204, 213
IRS, busted by (Teddy Powell) 249
loss of, see Road Antics, cab rides
money 90-91,
negotiations 98
raise 91
taxation 77-78, 299
tips 93, 98
unemployment 162
$15 a night 245
$25 a week 162
UNIONS 83, 96
American Federation of Musicians (AFM) 95
royalty agreement dispute 163
AGAC 299
LOCALS
802 (The New York Musicians' Labor Local) 299-300
WORKING CONDITIONS (see under MUSICIANS, LIFE of)
California 25, 31, 160-183, 244
Hollywood 160, 161, 169, 209, 210
Hollywood 168, 179
Long Beach 165
Los Angeles 14, 24, 131, 161, 168, 172-173
Central Avenue 161, 162, 169, 178
Chinatown 161, 168
East Side 161
1st Street 170
Little Tokyo 171
South Side 169
Watts 167
West Side 167
San Francisco 172, 208, 245
COMPOSITION (see MUSIC, ARRANGING and COMPOSITION)
CLASSICAL MUSIC (see MUSIC, CLASSICAL)
CLOTHING & FASHIONS
hair, long 208
hip dresser 99
knickers (as prank) 240
Palm Beach suit 14
pegged pants 208
zoot suits 12
CLUBS (including bars, restaurants, roadhouses) (see VENUES) DANCE HALLS (see VENUES)
DANCING, DANCE MUSIC, DANCES 92, 94, 132
bebop for dancing 295
"hoof" with the band 172
DEATHS
Blanton, Jimmy (tuberculosis) 43-45
Christian, Charlie (tuberculosis) 43
Erwin, Cecil (May 10,1935) 96
Jackson, Peewee 97
Hart, Clyde, 108
Young, Charlie, 113
MURDERS 169
OVERDOSES (DRUG-INDUCED) 174
SUICIDE 175
Charlie Parker (attempt) 297
tuberculosis 43-45
DRUGS 17, 26 TOP of INDEX TOPICS
ALCOHOL 25, 44, 49, 56, 79, 84, 90, 115, 119-120, 132, 171, 174, 176
beer 19
beer mixed with alcohol 13
drinking on the bandstand 90
whisky 11, 24, 30
rye 90
scotch 90
NON-ALCOHOLIC
benzedrine 171-172, 174
cocaine 174
Dilaudid 17
dope 216
habitual use 97
heroin ("horse") 89, 172, 174
marijuana 168, 174, 175, 309
morphine 174
Marijuana 26, 100, 132
narcotics 97
"shit" 18
EDUCATION , of jazz musicians (see INFLUENCE also) TOP of INDEX TOPICS
MUSICAL 162, 167, 171
big bands, schooling in 10, 11, 23
college 10
collective learning 128, 131
cutting contests 23-24, 26
"head-cutting" sessions 24
humming, singing 119, 128
jam sessions 23-26
learning from other players 93, 100
LESSONS, formal study 19, 21
guitar lessons 41
listening,
to bands 23, 76
to records 10
to other players 127
to other styles 122
local musicians, contact with 23, 27-30
piano voicings 123
"teachers" of bebop
Evans, Gil 249
Gillespie, Dizzy 134
Lewis, John 230
Tristano, Lennie 302
NON-MUSICAL 167, 172
inability to speak English
Chano Pozo 292
leaving school to play 202
mixed school 167
FANS (see AUDIENCE)
FILMS (see MOVIES)
FOOD
chicken 11
ice cream 41
watermelon 11
GAMBLING 91
GAMES and SPORTS:
baseball (band teams) 239-240
attitude b/w players
field positions
memorable plays
musicians as ball players
uniforms
poker 249
Georgia 15
Hawaii 161
HOSPITALS
MENTAL
Camarillo 171, 175, 176, 178, 183
HOTELS (see VENUES, PERFORMANCE or TRAVEL: SLEEPING ACCOMMODATIONS)
Illinois
Chicago 24, 30-31, 96, 161, 165, 168, 174
IMITATION (and STEALING of IDEAS) 104-106, 107
Clothing (& car) 137
copy arrangements 162
copy solos 162
IMPROVISATION (see MUSIC: IMPROVISATION)
Indiana
Indianapolis 23, 98
Terre Haute 23
INFLUENCE BY (or of) (list by name of influencing musician) TOP of INDEX TOPICS
Armstrong, Louis 32-34, 97
Basie, Count 27
"Lester Young and Basie School" 27
Beckett, Fred 29
Blanton, Jimmy 43-45, 124
Christian, Charlie 40-43
Eckstine, Billy 179
Eldridge, Roy 27-8, 97
Ellington, Duke 10, 101
Gillespie, Dizzy, 51, 97, 119, 133-134, 135-136
Goodman, Benny, 48
Gordon, Dexter 182
Hart, Clyde 123
Hawkins, Coleman 165
Jacobs, Charlie 27-8
James, Harry 136, 214
Johnson, Budd 29
Jordan, Louis 162
Kidd, Hubert 98
Krupa, Gene 216
McGhee, Howard 136
O'Day, Hank 167
Parker, Charlie 19, 48, 100, 102, 163, 167, 170, 174, 182
Shaw, Artie 48
Stravinsky, Igor 173
Tatum, Art 48-50, 103
Trumbauer, Frank 33-34, 35
Ventura, Charlie 215
Webster, Ben 201
Webster, Freddie 98-99
Williams, Mary Lou 104-106
Young, Lester 27, 29, 30, 32, 36-41, 201, 240
INFLUENCE ON (list by name of influenced musician) TOP of INDEX TOPICS
Bailey, Benny 162
Barefield, Eddie 35
Callender, Red 36
Carter, Benny 34
Coltrane, John 182
Criss, Sonny 167, 170
DeFranco, Buddy 48-49
Gillespie, Dizzy 27, 56
Gordon, Dexter 134
Heath, Jimmy 23
Jones, Buddy 19
Jones, Hart 109
Kessel, Barney 42
Manne, Shelly 10
McGhee, Howard 27-8, 33, 165
Navarro, Fats 133-134
Parker, Charlie 30, 32, 173
Rodney, Red 135-136, 214
Rowles, Jimmy 49-50
Sims, Zoot 38
Swope, Earl 240
Williams, Mary Lou 104-105
Young, Lester 34, 35, 37
Young, Trummy 29, 33, 40
INSTRUMENTS and INSTRUMENTALISTS TOP of INDEX TOPICS
BASS 43-45
chin, playing bass with 78
left hand 93
BASSOON 251
CLARINET 36, 297
CONGA 292
DRUMS, DRUMMERS 27, 216
accompaniment 53
bebop drummers 244
bring your own cymbals 9
brushes 77
cymbal playing 53
"dig coal" 52-3
"fill-in holes" 54
light drumming 53
percussion 292
solos 53-54
drumming style 101
technique 77
tom-toms 292
FRENCH HORN 251
GUITAR 40-43
electric guitar 42
picking 42
neck 42
PIANO
left hand 112
RHYTHM SECTION (see also individual instruments) 50-56, 101
working on the problem of (1931) 52
playing together 52
let bass line be heard 53
SAXOPHONE
alto 34, 35, 36, 297
baritone 297
C-Melody 297
"slap-tongue" style 48
tenor 35, 36, 38, 297
TROMBONE
development of modern technique (Earl Swope) 240
TRUMPET, TRUMPETERS 33, 37, 45-46, 215
bent notes 29
cup mutes 95
range (including high notes) 19, 90
sound, big 96, 99
styles 78, 79
valves 29
VIOLIN 89
Iowa 13
JAM SESSIONS (see under VENUES)
Kansas 13
Kansas City 24, 29, 31, 123, 179
Blues influence 162
Marysville 12
Kentucky 202
LINGO TOP of INDEX TOPICS
MUSICAL LINGO
"added sixes, with the" (=???) 57
"axe" = guitar 42
"blow" (=to play, especially a horn) 27, 84
"Blues date" (= ?) 164
"bombs", (=accents filling in holes in the rhythm) 54
"book" (=a band's music, arrangements, etc.) 10
"boppers" (=one who plays bop) 137
"carving contests" 26
"cat" (=musician) 33, 36, 41, 122, 131, 133, 301, 306
"chops" (=technique) 24, 135
"cutting" (see also "carving", "head-cutting") 24-26
"dig coal", (=to hit the snare drum as if digging for
coal), 52-53
"fumferers" (= bebop drummers) 244
"head-cutting" sessions 24
"hoof" (=to [tap]-dance) 172
"hooked up" (=to play together, esp. very well) 75
"lick" (=short idea) 105
"riffs" (=motives, short phrases) 23
"scuffling" (=stuggling to play) 131
"standard" (=well-known piece from the jazz repertoire) 295
NON-MUSICAL LINGO
"airshaft" (=a dumbwaiter) 76
"bennies" (=benzedrine) 171
"break it up" (=to get a great crowd response) 88
"cat" 14, 31, 78-79, 84, 87
"chicks" (=women; see WOMEN, social contact)
"city slickers" 12
"coalbin" (=a rundown venue) 81
"Coast, the" (= California) 162, 166
"corny" (=silly) 118
"crackers" (=whites) 12, 128-129
"croakers, making" (=seeing doctors) 17
"dope" (=drugs) 175 (marijuana)
"draft" (=negative feelings) 17
"grass" (=marijuana) 26
"feed the kitty" (=bring in some income) 301
"fin" (=five dollar bill) 31
"Frisco" (=San Francisco) 163
"ghost" (=save money by doubling up with someone) 249
"gnat liver" (=young, fresh musicians), 60
"hip" 18, 89, 291, 306
"hipster" 17
"horse" (=heroin) 172, 174
"joint" (=club) 76, 84, 166, 173
"joint" (=marijuana) 168
"juiced" (intoxicated) 84
"on a panic" [or "the panic was on"] (=being desperate, for drugs or for money)30, 172
"pot" (= marijuana) 174, 310
"rapped" (criticized) 126, 127
"redneck" (=uneducated, bigoted working class person) 17
"reefer" (= marijuana) 174
"schuck" (=scam, trick) 27
"score" (=to buy, to get, as in drugs) 17
"shit" (=drugs) 17
"shuck" (=get rid of) 14
"square" (=opposite of hip) 18, 118
"strung out" (=tired; on drugs) 17, 131
"take the bottom out of you" (= ???) 25
"togs", (=clothes), 57
"Tommin'" (=acting like an Uncle Tom) 172
"turnstiles" (=subway) 84
Louisiana
New Orleans 161
MAGAZINES
MUSICAL
downbeat 98, 125, 127, 165, 238, 318
Guitar Player 43
Metronome 231, 238
NON-MUSICAL
Life 135, 313, 318
Time 319
Maryland
Annapolis 27
Baltimore 96, 131
Massachusetts
Boston 18, 90, 98
Michigan
Detroit 24
MILITARY SERVICE (see also WORLD WAR II) 77-78,83
Army 120, 129
musicians joining 161
travel with, 209-210
Coast Guard 118
Minnesota 13, 25
Grand Forks 93
Mankato 13
Minneapolis 92-94
St. Paul 92, 93
Mississippi 14
diner incident 14-15
Missouri 13
St. Louis 24, 126, 128, 130
Montana 13
MOVIES
FILM SCORES 299
Saigon
Sepia Cinderella 134
Sweet and Low Down 161
MUSIC: ARRANGING 82 TOP of INDEX TOPICS
ballads 248
blues 129
charts 165, 176, 177, 201, 211, 242
Burns, Burns 244
Dameron, Tadd 97
Gibson, Andy 90-91
Hawkins, Coleman 122
Hefti, Neal 19
May, Billy 91
Mandel, Johnny 248
Mulligan, Gerry 133
Roland, Gene 248
Sauter, Eddie 9
distinctive, innovative 206, 212-213
general discussion of arranging 91-94, 97, 100-101
group arrangements 204
head arrangements (head charts) 119, 125-126, 192, 224
modern arranging 128, 134
bop for big bands (for sections) 204
shortening and cutting 242
stock arrangements 83
transcription of Wagner pieces 247
tuba, arranging with 251
writers' credits 120, 134-135
MUSIC, CLASSICAL 41, 173, 192, 198, 212, 225, 264, 267
Bach 312
Bartok 173
Stravinsky, influence on Charlie Parker 173
Wagner 173
MUSIC: COMPOSITION TOP of INDEX TOPICS
bathtub, writing music in the 176
composition as an awareness of what's going on 102
credit for writing 164, 165
Monk, Thelonious as composer 120
multiple tunes based on one chart 165, 178, 179
writing music 204, 215
MUSIC: IMPROVISATION
adaptability 293
ear, using 136, 302
freedom, or fear of mistakes 26-27
improvisation 26
inability of classical players 294
interaction between rhythm section and soloist 121
other players 97
repetition, without 200, 222-223
spontaneity 302
technique (virtuosity) 136, 302
MUSIC: NOTATION and MUSIC READING 19 TOP of INDEX TOPICS
notating music 93, 99, 119
reading music 35, 67, 99, 100, 113, 119-120, 126-127, 176-177, 186, 189-190, 192, 195, 217, 254, 264-265, 272, 274
-players who cannot read 93
MUSIC: REHEARSALS and PRACTICING 14, 19, 94, 98-99, 164, 176, 180
"going through the keys" 81-83
in Gil Evans' apartment (West 55th Street) 252
playing duets 240
tempo, setting the 250
with drummers 248
with strings, Charlie Parker 294
MUSIC: STYLE CATEGORIES TOP of INDEX TOPICS
(a list of any terms musicians used to differentiate styles of music or styles of playing)
AFRO-CUBAN 291
avant garde 303
bebop (roots) 32, 118-119, 295, 298-299
blowing band 24
blues bands 12
Cab Calloway's NOT one 12
Broadway 78, 316
Chicago style 84
church singing 33
commercial 205
"Cool jazz" 302
dance band vs. "show shit" 17
dance music 97, 247, 295
judgments of dance bands 248
dance bands and orchestras 247, 251
Dixie roots 246
dixieland 33, 167
four-beat vs. progressive 204
free form 303
hi-de-ho's 57
jazz bands vs. dance bands 10
melodic 34
"mickey mouse" bands 13, 201, 211, 298
"Miss Jaxson, I want some fine barbeque", style of, used by Charlie Barnet 90
modal jazz 303
modern jazz, modernism 34, 121
piano styles
boogie-woogie 104
post-ragtime 112
ragtime 104
stride (Harlem stride) 50, 104, 112
swing (=Teddy Wilson) 112
pre-bop (1936-1941) 101, 104, 110
progressive (vs. four-beat) 204
rock 303
scat singing 90-91
shuffle rhythms 130
soul 42
"slap-tongue" style 48
small bands within big bands 21
Cab Jivers with Calloway 21
straight ahead swing 246
stride (see piano styles)
swing 314
territory band
=white, "mickey mouse" band 13, 298
transitional 110
West Coast Jazz 247
MUSIC: STYLISTIC DEVELOPMENT and CHANGE ("from swing to bop" and beyond--this is pretty central)
modern arranging 134, 206, 212-213
transferring modern-jazz concepts to big band (Gil Evans) 250
HARMONY 48-50, 58, 109-111
innovation (self-conscious) 58, 70, 82, 126, 138, 205-206
Progression to bebop 202-207, 209, 211-212, 215-218
RHYTHM SECTION 51-56
style transitions 110, 121-122, 130
Henry Jones' band 202-204
MUSIC: THEORETICAL CONCEPTS and TERMS 86, 111, 126-127, 230 TOP of INDEX TOPICS
FORM
break 222
bridge 41
chorus 29, 39-40
heads 189
movement 293
release 41, 200
turnbacks/turnarounds 41, 136, 222
HARMONY (list by individual terms) 28, 102, 105, 109, 121, 123, 136, 143, 200, 203, 211, 222, 273, 312-317
alterations 28
chord changes (chord progressions) 28, 46, 60, 111-112
II-V-I progressions 75
fourths progression 123
minor six to the dominant seven 123
modern changes 82, 121, 123, 134
chords 41, 45
augmented chords 28-29, 47
four note chords 100, 101
inversions of 56
minor seventh 134
modern chords ("new music") 86, 109-111
in "Zodiac Suite" 104
circle of fifths, 111
diatonic (swing) 158
dissonance & non-chord tones
"raunchy intervals" (Monk) 85
non-chord tones 86
fifths, flatted 28, 58
keys, playing tunes in alternate 81-83
difficult key (Cherokee release) 200
modulation 29, 81, 222
ninths 45, 47
raised 28
resolution 125, 127
seventh, major 125, 127
substitution chords 58, 111-112
INTONATION
bad
MELODY 102 (lines), 109
melodic structure 119
bebop feel 34
Lester Young 38
PHRASING 34, 100, 102, 171, 219, 222, 246
riffs 23
RHYTHM & METER 110-111, 119, 121, 178
4/4 110 (heavy)
7/8 feel 213
bebop feel 34
broken rhythms 55, 76
double time 200
double time all the time 189, 199-200
Latin American rhythm 291
Lester Young 38
Montuno 292
Rhumba Beat 292
rhythmic counterpoint 291
sense of time 38
shuffle rhythms 130
"Straight-Four" Rhythm 291
time
on top (pulling the band) 93
in the middle 93
underneath 93
SCALES
whole tone 28
TECHNIQUE (chops, virtuosity, etc.) 106, 108, 112, 213, 243
high notes 87
Monk 85
TEMPO
speed kings 102
tempos 124
tempo, setting the 250
TONE COLOR (including vibrato, tonguing, articulation; see also under individual instruments)78
articulation 157, 189
staccato concept 189, 219
playing while whistling 76
cup mutes 95
Lester Young 36
varied tonal colors 250
vibrato 251
VOICING, TEXTURE (including counter-melodies, etc.)
bass lines
melodic 124
combinations of instruments 247, 250-253
counter-melody 123
doubling 92, 96
piano voicings 123
moving tenths in left hand 109
role of bass and piano 101, 106, 109
voicing off the voicings 128
MUSICIANS, LIFE OF TOP of INDEX TOPICS
LIFESTYLE
living in a reconverted garage 172
STATUS
fame 120
"gypsies", musicians as 18, 26
as outsiders 133
WORKING CONDITIONS 93-96
1930s 11
competition between 85, 93
gigs
frequency of 77
getting gigs 78, 84, 90-91
late night gigs 80
at HOTELS
coming to work in the evening 20
on location = longer stint than road band 11 JAM SESSIONS
first drink free, then given bill 25
at THEATERS ( = MOVIE PALACES)
long days, alternating with feature films throughout an 11-hour day 20
long weeks (seven-day) 20
Radio City, different system (some days off) 21
Nebraska 13
Omaha 12, 19, 47
Nevada
Las Vegas 214
New Hampshire 19
New Jersey
Budd Lake 19
Wigwam 19
New York State
New York City 16, 24, 95, 98-101, 118, 123, 135, 161, 164, 171, 174, 183
Brooklyn 21
Flatbush 21
Bronx 21
Manhattan 21
Grand Central Station 9
Harlem 15-16, 84
52nd Street ("the Street") 30, 50, 93, 95
118-119, 122, 124, 126, 135-138, 183, 204, 305-306
West Side 120
NICKNAMES (for people, for bands, etc.) TOP of INDEX TOPICS
give nickname, then (=REAL NAME)
Big Sid (=Sid Catlett)
Bird (=Charlie Parker)
Cannonball (=Adderley) 306
Dingbod (=Bob Kesterson) 171
Diz, Dizzy (=John Birks Gillespie)
Egg Foo Young (=John Jackson) 180
Fats (=Navarro) 302
Flip (=Phillips)
Hawk (=Coleman Hawkins)
Jack the Bear (=Charlie Parker) 110
Jinx Jingles (=Warwick Brown) 297
Klook (=Kenny Clarke)
Maggie (=Howard McGhee) 162, 173, 174, 175
Moose the Mooche (Emery Byrd, Charlie Parker's heroin dealer in LA) 172
Prez (=Lester Young)
Ross (=Frankie Rossolino)
Sass (=Sarah Vaughan)
Sweet Pea (=Leroy Robinson) 167-168
Sweets (=Harry Edison) 293
Unholy Four (=Sonny Stitt, John Jackson, Dexter
Gordon, & Leo Parker)
North Carolina 21, 28
Wilmington 22
North Dakota 13, 25
Ohio 17
Cincinnati 30
Cleveland 17-18, 96-98, 162
Dayton 52
Oklahoma 13, 30-31
Oklahoma City 30
Tulsa 22, 31
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia 21, 27, 95, 135
Pittsburgh 28, 97
PERSONAL INTERACTIONS and RELATIONSHIPS TOP of INDEX TOPICS
ARGUMENTS 210-211
between players 93
between musicians 126,128
between women singers 131
CAMARADERIE 77, 105-106, 163, 166, 304
admiration 76
big band as traveling family 11
bonding 208
friendly exchange 250
jam sessions 26
sticking together 244
COMPETITION (competitive attitudes) 75, 78, 84, 93, 169, 237
least competitive 244
cutting contests 23-24, 26, 75
intimidation 82
jazz as macho, ego thing 26
picking tunes players don't know 138
FAMILY
marital relations 98
problems 215
FAVORITISM
rides in the Cadillac 245
NEGATIVE 166, 168, 172
jealousy 237
nasty, picking on the band 245
knocking people's music (never) 125
PERSONALITIES
threats to kill 242
POLITICS
PRISON 178
after hours club busted 241
arrests 19
for drug use 216
jail time 132
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
Dodo Marmosa 210-211
nervous breakdown 180
RACE: TENSIONS, PREJUDICE, and DISCRIMINATION TOP of INDEX TOPICS
Albino, posing as 31
ANTI-SEMITISM 17
BLACK-WHITE 169
Black-White, musicians' interaction 84
black and white clubs 76
Louis-Schmeling boxing match 13-14
white musicians 83
BLACK PRIDE (maintaining dignity, holding to standards, resisting stereotypes, going first class)
heroes and role models
Joe Louis as "impetus to dignity" 14
standards 11-12 (Calloway),
CONFRONTATIONS 11-16
cab driver confrontation 132
JIM CROW 242
cabs, Georgia (1953) 15
hotels, separate for black and white musicians 15
restaurants
Mississippi, diner 14-15
trains, Jim Crow cars 128
POLICE, role of, 169
kick band out of town 16
block admission to dance 16
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
ignorance of non-Southern blacks about Jim Crow (1945) 15
South, white hostility 11-12
VIOLENCE
against touring bands 12
RACE: INTEGRATION, COLLABORATION, LACK of DISCRIMINATION
BLACK-WHITE, musicians' interaction 15-16, 127, 162
integrated bands 15-16
Bennie Goodman, 'broke' the color line (1935) 16
integrated recording dates 16
respect among musicians 162
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
ATTITUDES 166
lack of anti-black prejudice in the Dakotas 13
RACE RECORDS (see RECORDS, under BUSINESS)
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES (including clashes between)
ATTITUDES
cultural tensions in the South
black vs. black 11
LIFESTYLE
MARKETING DIFFERENCES 12
RELIGION
SEX (see WOMEN)
SINGING
scat singing 90, 204, 232
SMOKING 296
SOLOS and SOLOISTS
almost the same solo, but different (Armstrong) 33
big band, short solos and limited role 23, 29
-eight bars 57
extended 23, 262
memorized solos 26-27
reputations of individual players 10
tempos, fast 124
South Carolina 22
South Dakota 13
Sioux Falls 13
SOUTH, the [down South] 11-12, 15, 24, 130, 160, 168, 173
STATUS, musicians' (see MUSICIANS, LIFE OF
Tennessee
Memphis 167
Beale Street 16, 167
TERRITORY, the [the territories] 13
-geographical range 13
TERRITORY BAND 13, 22, 30-31
=white, "mickey mouse" band 13, 298
Texas 13
Dallas 13, 22
Fort Worth 14
Hotel Fort Worth 14
Houston 22
San Antonio 130
THEATERS ( = 'movie palaces') [see VENUES]
TRAVEL: BIG BAND TOP of INDEX TOPICS
as traveling family
TRAVEL: ROAD ANTICS 18-20, 97
fire, starting one on plane 245
TRAVEL: SLEEPING ACCOMMODATIONS
black hotel 12
Booker T. Hotel (Kansas City) 179
Booker Washington Hotel (St. Louis) 128
Chinese hotel 13
damages, paying for 238
-falling asleep with cigarette (Serge Chaloff)
private homes
in black section 12
blacks in white homes 13
ROOMATES
Mario Bauza & Dizzy Gillespie 291
sleeper bus 12
Nat Towles 12
TRAVEL: TENSIONS, CULTURAL DIFFERENCES, etc.
POLICE 309
TRAVEL: TRANSPORTATION
getting dumped in the desert 246
AIRPLANE 244-245, 311
BUS 11, 17, 88, 128, 245, 296
All-American Bus Line 14
driving on railroad track 239
Greyhound Bus Line 14
"California" bus 14
priority for doing Army show 129
CAB 132
rides of 20, 90, & 300 miles 241
CAR 11
Cadillac with Buddy Rich 245
Lincoln Continental, green 11
LaSalle convertible 137
TRAIN 9-12, 89, 129, 161, 216
baggage car, 128
with green Lincoln Continental 11,
Jim Crow cars 128
missing 131
porters 11
private railroad car 11
Duke Ellington 11
Cab Calloway 11-12
VENUES, PERFORMANCE: LIST of NAMES (by category) TOP of INDEX TOPICS
AFTER HOURS 24-25,
at Mat Maddox's apartment 120
AUDITORIUMS 167
BALLROOMS 11, 161 (Mexican)
Arcadia Ballroom, N.Y., 244
Grand Terrace, Chicago 45, 48
Greystone Ballroom, Detroit 33
Paradise Ballroom (Bronx) 202
Pontrelli's (Mexican) (Los Angeles) 161
Roseland Ballroom (NYC) 45
Swope Park (Kansas City) 24
Trianon Ballroom (Chicago) 57
BALLS
March of Dimes President's Ball 10
CLUBS (including bars, restaurants, roadhouses, etc.)
Alabam (Los Angeles) 161
Apex (Los Angeles) 161
Arthur's Tavern, (the Village, NYC) 297
Backstage Club (San Francisco) 172
Basin Street East (NYC) 90
Billy Berg's Swing Club (LA) 160, 163, 166, 171-172
Bird in the Basket (Jack's Basket) (Los Angeles) 180-182
Birdland (New York) 174, 297
Black Cat (Greenwich Village, NYC), 53
Black Hawk Restaurant (Chicago), with radio hookup 25-26
Blue Angel (NYC) 304
Brick Club (NYC?) 51
Cafe Bohemia (NYC) 297
Cafe Society Downtown (NYC) 295
Cafe Society Uptown (New York) 161
Casablanca (Los Angeles) 163
Chez Paree (Kansas City) 179
Child's Paramount (under Paramount Theater,
Times Square, NYC) 202
Club Finale (Los Angeles) 171-173,
bottle club 173
Club Plantation (Los Angeles) 131
Club Sudan (New York City) 129
Cotton Club (Lenox/142nd, New York) 12, 56, 58
Crystal Caverns (Washington D.C.) 130
Downbeat (in Philadelphia) 135-136, 164
Down Beat (Los Angeles) 161
Downbeat (in New York) 102, 135
Elks Club (black) (St. Paul, MN) 92
Embassy Club (?) 202
51 Club (New York City) 118
Finale Club [see Club Finale] (LA)
400 Club (New York) 161
Glen Island Casino (New Rochelle, NY) 202
Green Frog (?) 31
Hickory House (NYC?) 9
Hi-De-Ho Club (Los Angeles) 175
Honey Murphy's (Los Angeles) 162
Jade Room (Los Angeles) 167
Kelly's Stables (Chicago) 45, 135-37
Latin Quarter (Los Angeles) 49
Log Cabin (Fonda, NY) 202
Lookout House (Covington, ?) 202
Lovejoy's (Los Angeles) 161, 162
Minton's (118th St., New York) 43, 58, 98, 101-102, 118
house band 82
Monroe's Uptown House (134th, NYC) 120
regular band 75
Moonglow (Pennsylvania Avenue) 96
The Nevele (?) 202
Nick's Tavern (New York City) 135
Nola's Studio 98
Nut Club (Village, NYC, with strip shows) 202, 297
Oklahoma Club (Oklahoma City) 43
Onyx Club (52nd St., New York City) 101, 118-119,123-124, 305
Panther Room (Hotel Sherman, Chicago) 135
Plantation (St. Louis) 130
Rhumboogie (Chicago) 124
Riviera (St. Louis) 126,128
Showboat (Philadelphia) 95
Streets of Paris (Hollywood) 161, 166, 168
Swing Club (Hollywood) 161
Terrace (Washington, D.C.) 96
Three Deuces (52nd St., NYC) 45, 118, 123, 164-165,
183
Tic-Toc (Boston) 90
Village Vanguard (New York City) 135
Wagon Wheel (Los Angeles) 162
White Rose (New York City) 138, 305
Yacht Club,(New York City) 124
Zanzibar (NYC) 98
CONCERTS (including colleges) 166
Elk's Hall (LA) 169, 170
Boston Symphony Hall (Boston, MA) 241
Town Hall (NYC) 298
DANCE HALLS (see BALLROOMS)
DANCES 165
Brooklyn Armory 127
Masonic Temple (Manhattan) 100
HOTELS
Ambassador, (San Francisco) 208
Copley Plaza Hotel 18
Copley Square Hotel (Boston) 18
Dewey Square Hotel (NY) 41
Hotel Forth Worth (white) 13-14
Hotel Lincoln 125
Hotel New Yorker (NYC) 307
Hotel Sherman (Chicago) 135
Majestic Hotel (Cleveland) 97
Nacional Hotel (Havana, Cuba) 243
New Yorker Hotel (?) 206
Palace Hotel (?) 207
Pelham Heath Inn (New York) 202
Sherman Hotel (Chicago) 301
Spencer Hotel, N. Carolina 35
Stevens Hotel (Chicago) 133
Taft Hotel (NYC) 50
JAM SESSIONS: ORGANIZED in CLUBS, etc. 162
Commodore Records studios 135
Jimmy Ryan's (52nd St., NYC) 135
Panther Room (Hotel Sherman, Chicago) 135
Wagon Wheel (LA) 162
OTHER (MISCELLANEOUS)
ROADHOUSES (see CLUBS)
RECORDING STUDIOS
Reeves Studio, New York 294
STATE FAIRS
TOBACCO WAREHOUSES
THEATERS ( = MOVIE PALACES) 203
Alhambra Theater (NYC) 96
Apollo, 125th St. (Harlem) 16, 21, 44, 58, 91, 206
Amateur nights
Broadway (Manhattan) 21
Capitol (Manhattan) 21-22
Earle Theater (Philadelphia?) 22
Flatbush (Brooklyn) 21
Lafayette Theater (7th/131st; Harlem) 47
Lincoln Theater (Los Angeles) 170
Loew's State (Manhattan) 20
Orpheum Theater (Minneapolis) 92
Palace Theater (Memphis) 167
Paramount Theater (L.A.) 37
Paramount (Times Sq., Manhattan) 21, 202, 244, 300
Paramount (see Child's Paramount, under CLUBS)
Radio City Music Hall (Manhattan) 20-21
R.K.O. Theater (Minneapolis) 93
Roxy (NYC) 25
Strand (Brooklyn) 21
Strand (Manhattan) 21
Windsor (Bronx) 21
WORLD'S FAIR (Dallas) 13
VENUES, PERFORMANCE: INFORMATION by TOPIC TOP of INDEX TOPICS
AFTER HOURS
busted 241
BALLROOMS (large)
BALLS
CLUBS (including bars, restaurants, roadhouses, etc.)
accompany attractions 295
black bars & clubs 169, 308
black and white clubs 76
club circuit 10
roadhouses 11, 27
show opener 295
CONCERTS
audience at Stan Kenton's concerts 10
DANCES
black dances 14
double dances (two nights: one black, one white) 12
HOTELS
WHITE HOTELS 14
JAM SESSIONS: 23-27, 30, 39-40, 42-44, 92, 94-97, 102-103, 105-106, 111-112, 128, 162, 169-171, 177, 182, 308
IMPROMPTU (in hotel rooms, at home, etc.) 30, 58,128, 169
Max Maddox's apartment 120
outdoors 131
Majestic Hotel (Cleveland) 97
ORGANIZED (in CLUBS, etc.) 53, 56, 58, 135
ROADHOUSES (see CLUBS)
RECORDING DATES 163, 173, 177-179, 181-182
RECORDING STUDIOS 49
STAGE SHOWS 20-21
STATE FAIRS 13
TOBACCO WAREHOUSES (see also DANCES)
tobacco warehouses (in Southeast) 11, 132
THEATERS ( = MOVIE PALACES)
BLACK THEATERS 17
integrated bands at 16
seeing movies 217
VOCAL GROUPS and VOCALISTS 178, 179, 181
a cappella choruses 301
Bips, the 230
bop musicians, with 177, 180
sing arrangements of Glenn Miller tunes 25
VIOLENCE
against musicians 12, 208, 209
fights at dances 14
fights with Oscar Pettiford 124
jail time, leading to 132
weapons
guns (pistol) 132
Washington, D.C. 16, 27, 100, 130, 240-242
Wigwam (New Jersey) 19
Wisconsin 13
Milwaukee 13
WOMEN: PROFESSIONAL MUSICIANS 28, 92 TOP of INDEX TOPICS
all-women bands 21
Sweethearts of Rhythm 21
arrangers
composers 104-106
PERFORMERS, 104-106
performers (non-vocal)
drummer (Oscar Pettiford's sister) 92
singers 127, 131
WOMEN, social contact
DANCING 132, 175
DATING 28
MARRAGE 299
PARTYING
after performance 11-12
meeting and making contact with 'chicks' 11, 25
at intermission 11
train, partying on 11
SEX
condoms 13
red-light districts 10
TENSIONS REGARDING
pregnancies of local daughters 13
tension between touring band and local men over 11
WORLD WAR II and LIFE DURING WARTIME 112-117, 126, 135, 168, 171
in San Francisco 208
post-war effects 299
social influence on jazz 315
V-Disc 131
Wyoming 13
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