The Department of Biology offers instruction in many diverse
areas of modern biology. In consultation with a faculty advisor,
students design programs of study to meet individual interests
and goals. The biology major offers three intradepartmental
concentrations: (1) integrative biology, (2) molecular
biology, cell biology and genetics, and (3) ecology, evolution, and behavior. The major
leads to a bachelor of arts degree.
Students who major in biology and plan to attend professional
schools (medical, dental, veterinary, and others) are encouraged
to take two semesters of organic chemistry
(CH221 and 222)
and two semesters of calculus-based physics
(PY207 and 208).
See Health Professions.
THE BIOLOGY MAJOR: Students who major in biology must meet
the College requirements for the degree, complete the general
biology requirements, and complete the requirements for one
of the intradepartmental concentrations. Each concentration
requires fourteen courses.
General requirements for all biology majors or concentrations
Core courses: BI105 and 106.
BI105 introduces the biological sciences by focusing on those structures and
processes shared by all of life. The course explores evolutionary
theory, cell structure and function, molecular genetics, biochemistry,
and population ecology.
BI106 extends this exploration to consider how the diversity of life is
manifest in the reproduction, development, physiology, and functional
morphology of multicellular organisms. These two courses constitute a
core curriculum for the major, and should be completed by the end of the
first year. BI105 is taken in the fall semester, followed by
BI106 in the spring.
Chemistry courses:
CH105 and 106 (usually taken in the first year),
CH221 (usually taken in the sophomore year)
a sequence of three CH courses, beginning with
CH105 or
107H.
CH103 may be
taken in preparation for CH105, but it does not count toward the
sequence of three CH courses required for the Major.
Mathematics course: MA111
(usually taken in the first year)
Capstone courses: BI377/378 (taken in the senior year)
Concentration Requirements
Integrative Biology
The general requirements
Seven additional courses at the 200 or 300 level. At least two
courses must be at the 200 level; at least four courses must be at the 300 level.
BI385 or 371
can substitute for one of these courses at the 300 level. Students may take additional
BI385 or 371
courses as electives, but they do not substitute for 300-level biology courses.
Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Genetics
The general requirements
Foundation courses:
BI242 (Molecular Cell Biology) and
BI245 (Genetics)
two courses selected from
BI242 Molecular Biology,
BI245 Principles of Genetics and
BI247 Cell Biology
Supportive courses: four courses selected from
BI323, 337, 342, 348, 349, 351M, 352M, 353M, 360, 361, 362, 363, 370; CH340, 341, 342 BI246,
309,
311,
323,
337,
338,
342,
348,
349,
351M,
352M,
353M,
360,
361,
362,
363,
370;
CH340,
341,
342.
BI242,
245, or
247 may serve as a supportive course if not already taken as a foundation course. Three of the four supportive courses must be at the 300 level.
CH222One additional 200- or 300-level course in CH
Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior
The general requirements
Foundation courses:
BI241 (Ecology) and either
BI316 (Animal Behavior) or
324 (Evolution)
Supportive courses: three courses selected from
BI302,
307,
325,
327,
338,
339,
344,
349,
351E,
352E,
353E, and
370.
BI316 or
324
may count as a supportive course, if not already taken as a foundation course.
INTERDEPARTMENTAL MAJORS: In conjunction with the Philosophy Department, the Biology Department offers
a major in biology-philosophy.
HONORS: Departmental honors are awarded to a senior major
who has maintained the required College and department averages
and has completed a research project in BI385.
Other factors, such as academic integrity, will bear on the
decision to award honors.
THE BIOLOGY MINOR: Students who want to minor in biology must
take a total of six courses from among those offered in the department.
These must include
BI105 and
106,
two 200-level courses in biology, and two 300-level courses in biology.
CH103 or
CH105 is also required. Note:
BI385
cannot substitute for one of the 300-level courses in biology.
EXPLORATION COURSES
The following courses are designed
for students who wish to fulfill the College natural sciences
requirement with the study of biology. These courses are generally
not counted toward the biology or any biology-combined major.
Students who wish to major or minor in biology after completing
one or two exploration courses should consult the department
chair concerning the appropriate choice of courses; some exploration
courses may be substituted for requirements in the major or
minor at the discretion of the department.
NS 101. NEUROSCIENCE:
MIND AND BEHAVIOR 4
An interdisciplinary examination of the neurobiological bases
of behavior and mental processing. Topics include the structure
and functioning of the nervous system, brain-behavior relationships,
and hormonal and genetic effects on behavior and mental processing.
Laboratories develop students' understanding of functional
neuroanatomy, neural transmission, and human psychophysiology.
(Fulfills natural sciences requirement). Biology and/or Psychology Faculty
BI 110. BIOLOGY
OF THE MIND 4
An introductory level examination of the basic neurobiology
of the human brain and nervous system. A sufficient depth
of biological perspective is developed to allow the student
to consider the neurobiological underpinnings of a wide variety
of brain related topics including pathology (select mental
and nervous system diseases), socially significant issues
(drugs, alcohol), higher function (language, sleep, memory,
consciousness), and philosophical issues (mind-body problem,
artificial intelligence, ethical issues). Three hours of lecture,
three hours of lab per week. (Fulfills natural sciences and
QR2 requirements.) R. Meyers
BI 115H. ECOLOGY OF FOOD 4
The study of fundamental concepts in ecology from a who-eats-whom
perspective. Topics include the behavior and ecology of herbivores,
predators, parasites, and mutualists, interactions among competitors in
quest of food, trophic connections, and analyses of communities and
landscapes managed for agricultural and aquacultural production.
Quantitative field investigations of herbivory in Skidmore's North Woods
are complemented by laboratory investigations of plant physical defenses
and secondary chemicals, including the use and function of these
secondary chemicals in world cuisine. A similar investigative approach
is taken to the study of pollination, seed dispersal, and predation.
Local food producers contribute to the study of agroecology. Ecological
impacts of various agricultural and aquacultural practices and the
implications and potential ecological impacts of genetically modified
foods are explored. Prerequisite: QR1. Three hours of lecture, three
hours of lab per week. One Saturday field trip. M. Raveret Richter
BI 120. THE HUMAN
ORGANISM 4
An introduction to the study of life processes, focused on
our species. This course will help the student acquire an
understanding of basic biological principles, using humans
as illustrative material. Topics will include genetics, reproduction,
and physiology of humans. Three hours of lecture, two hours
of lab per week. (Fulfills natural sciences requirement.) The Department
BI 135. ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE 4
Environmental science is an interdisciplinary study of the
interaction between humans and the environment chiefly in
relation to ecology, resources, and population. The course
will show how humans are a force now posing a serious threat
to the long-term sustainability of natural life-support systems.
Three hours of lecture, two hours of lab per week. (Fulfills
natural sciences requirement.) The
Department
BI 140. MARINE
BIOLOGY 4
An examination of the intricate and delicate nature of plant,
animal, fungal and microbial life beneath Earth's oceans and
on its shorelines. Lecture topics include ocean chemistry
and biochemistry, physiology of marine organisms, evolution
and diversity of the marine world, marine ecosystems and human-ocean
interactions. The lab will include experimental manipulations
of marine plants and animals, survey of various life forms,
culture techniques, ecological sampling and mariculture. Three
hours of lecture, two hours of lab per week. Lab fee $60.
(Fulfills natural sciences requirement.) D. Domozych
BI 145. UNDERSTANDING
BIOTECHNOLOGY: RECOMBINANT DNA AND ETHICAL ISSUES 4
An investigation of the structure, function, and manipulation
of DNA. Recent advances in decoding the genome of any organism
and in recombining the DNA into functional units within the
cell have important ethical, economic, environmental, political,
and social implications, which will have major impacts on
society, health care, insurance, environmental regulations,
business, and the economy. This course will explore the science
and technology of manipulating DNA and the potential social,
ethical, and environmental consequences. Three hours of lecture,
two hours of lab per week. (Fulfills natural sciences requirement.) The Department
BI 150. BIOLOGY: THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF LIFE 4
An introduction to the basic principles underlying the study of life.
Topics may range from the origin and evolution of life to the
molecular basis of heredity and development, to the structure and
function of the global ecosystem. The lectures and labs emphasize the
diversity of life, the unifying characteristics shared by all
organisms, and an understanding of life based on scientific methods of
analysis. Three hours of lecture, two hours of lab per week. (Fulfills
natural sciences requirement). The Department
BI 155. EVOLUTIONARY
BIOLOGY 4
An introduction to evolution as the central organizing principle
of the biological sciences. This writing-intensive course
explores the mechanisms of evolutionary change and introduces
the academic and applied issues that challenge modern evolutionary
theory. Topics include: human origins, Darwinian medicine,
adaptation, and sexual selection. Three hours of lecture and
two hours of lab per week. (Fulfills expository writing requirement
and natural sciences requirements.) C. Freeman-Gallant
BI 160. CONSERVATION
BIOLOGY 4
The biology of species, communities, and ecosystems that are
perturbed or threatened by human activities. This course will
examine the principles and tools for preserving biological
diversity. Topics to be covered include principles of ecology,
geographic distribution, animal and plant classification,
and population dynamics. Three hours of lecture, two hours
of lab per week; one all-day field trip. (Fulfills natural
sciences requirement.) The Department
BI 165. MICROBES IN FOOD PRODUCTION,
SPOILAGE AND FOOD-BORNE DISEASE MICROBES AND SOCIETY 4 An introduction to basic microbiology that uses as a model
the role of microbes in food preparation, spoilage, and food-borne
diseases. In addition to preparing foods such as kim chee
and cheese using microbes, we will also use basic techniques
for bacteriological sampling of foods. The goals of this course
are to learn basic techniques in microbiology and important
concepts in microbial ecology, psysiology, and biochemistry
using an environment that we can all relate to food.
An introduction to basic microbiology that focuses on the impact
microbes have on our society. While everybody knows microbes can
causes diseases and spoilage, microbes are more present and have a
deeper impact on our lives than most of us realize. Students will
focus on basic concepts in microbiology while exploring specific case
studies and the latest news regarding the impact of microbes on our
society. In the lab students will discover microbes in various
environments, put them to work in food production, and address issues
of food safety and spoilage while learning basic laboratory
techniques.
(Fulfills natural sciences requirement.) S. Franke
BI 170. HUMAN
GENETICS 4
An introduction to the principles of genetics and their application
to human biology. Topics include the history of genetics,
the structure, function and inheritance of genes, medical
genetics, and genetic engineering. Three hours of lecture,
two hours of lab per week. (Fulfills natural sciences and
QR2 requirements.) B. Possidente
BI 180. ECONOMIC
BOTANY 4
An introduction to the concepts of plant and fungal biology
with special emphasis on how they are utilized by humans.
Lectures will focus on the structure and role of plant and
fungal systems, their evolution and importance in human-based
applications such as agriculture, medicine, and horticulture.
Labs will include field trips to sites of botanical and mycological
interest, hands-on horticultural exercises, and a survey of
the plant-fungal kingdoms. Three hours of lecture and two
hours of lab per week. (Fulfills natural sciences requirement.) D. Domozych
COURSES FOR THE MAJOR / JOINT MAJORS
BI 105. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES I:
UNITY AND DIVERSITY OF LIFE 4
An introduction to the structures and processes common to all of life.
The course explores topics in molecular biology, biochemistry, cell
structure and function, transmission genetics, evolutionary theory, and
population ecology. The laboratory portion of the course is
inquiry-based and will introduce students to the methods and theory of
modern biology. Three hours of lecture, three hours of laboratory per
week. (Fulfills natural sciences requirement.) C. Freeman-Gallant and P. Hilleren
BI 106. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES II:
DIVERSITY OF LIFE 4
A comprehensive introduction to the diversity of life forms and life
functions. The course explores topics in organismal biology with special
emphasis on animals and plants, reproductive biology, physiology and
developmental biology. Prerequisite:BI105.
(Fulfills natural sciences requirement.) D. Domozych and J. Ness
BI 240. ENVIRONMENTAL
BIOLOGY 4
An examination of the physical and biotic features of the
earth, the role of humans in affecting the planet's ecology,
and the ways ecological systems affect humans. This course
provides the fundamental concepts of environmental biology,
along with specific examples from the natural world and human
modification. Topics include the basics of the physical nature
of the earth; physiological ecology, including the biochemistry
and metabolism of life forms and nutrient cycles; biodiversity;
interspecific relationships; population and community dynamics;
ecosystem structure; pollution and environmental toxicology;
resource management; and restoration design. Laboratory consists
of field trips, ecological sampling techniques, ecological
survey of local habitats, phytoremediation, pollution simulation,
and examination of biodiversity. Does not count toward the major.
Prerequisites:ES105. J. Ness
BI 241. ECOLOGY 4
A field, laboratory, and lecture course in which interactions among
organisms and between organisms and their environment are explored.
Students will observe ecological patterns and evaluate evidence and
arguments for why those patterns exist.
Prerequisites:BI106 or
ES105 and
BI240. M. Raveret Richter
BI 242. INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGYMOLECULAR BIOLOGY 4 A foundation course in cell biology that emphasizes the molecular nature
of cell genesis, structure, function, and communication. In this course,
we will explore 1) the multifaceted approaches used to study cell
structure and function; 2) the molecular details of fundamental
cellular processes including the control of cell cycle, and the mechanism
of chromosome segregation and cell division; 3) the pathway of
eukaryotic gene expression; 4) cell signaling cascades; and 5) cell
identity and specialization in the social context of a multicellular
organism. In the laboratory portion of the class, we will learn and
implement key research methodologies and computer based information
technology as we address problems in cell biology.
The course provides a molecular view of essential features of
eukaryotic cell biology. The laboratory portion of the course is
project-based and designed to expose students to current methodologies
and experimental strategies commonly used in molecular biology
research. The overarching goal of the course is for students to gain
an understanding of the molecular nature of key fundamental processes
in cell biology including i) structure and function of proteins and
nucleic acids and how they interact to promote cell function; ii)
protein targeting and localization; and iii) eukaryotic cell cycle and
regulation of cell growth iv) cancer biology and v) cell death.
Prerequisites:BI106 and CH105BI106, and
CH105 or
CH107H. P. Hilleren
BI 243. PLANT BIOLOGY 4
A comprehensive study of plants, other photosynthetic eukaryotes, and
fungi. Lecture topics include biochemistry, phytochemistry and
phytopharmaceutical applications, cell and molecular biology,
evolutionary biology, developmental biology and life cycles, primary and
secondary physiology, and ecology/biogeography. The laboratory consists
of experimental and observational exercises and includes a full-day,
Saturday field trip.
Prerequisite:BI106. D. Domozych
BI 244. COMPARATIVE VERTEBRATE PHYSIOLOGY 4
The function and structure of major systems of vertebrates considered
principally from the perspective of their ability to meet environmental
demands. Prerequisites:BI106 and CH105 or BI105 and NS101BI106, and
CH105 or
CH107H.
R. Meyers
BI 245. PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS 4
A study of biological patterns of heredity explained by genes, their
structure, function, and transmission from cell to cell and parent to
offspring, and the expression of genetic information. Topics include an
in-depth study of mitosis, meiosis, Mendelian genetics and extension of
Mendelian genetics, to complex traits and their analysis in individuals
and populations. Prerequisites:BI106
or permission of instructor. B. Possidente
BI 246. MICROBIOLOGY: DIVERSITY,
DISEASE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT 4
A comprehensive introduction to the biology of three major groups of
microbes: bacteria, protists, and viruses. Microbial diversity will be
explored in the context of the structure, physiology, metabolism, and
molecular genetics of various microbial taxa. We will discuss microbial
diseases, non-specific and specific human immune responses, and general
strategies used by microbes to overcome these defenses. The final
section of the course will explore key concepts in microbial ecology.
Emphasis will be placed on the central role of bacteria in geochemical
cycles and symbiotic associations with plants and animals. In the
laboratory, students will isolate bacteria from a variety of
environments (wounds, soil, etc.) and apply standard techniques used in
clinical and environmental microbiology labs to study their physiology
and metabolism. Prerequisite:BI106. S. Franke
BI 247. CELL BIOLOGY 4
The course provides a cellular and organismal view of essential
features of eukaryotic cell biology. Students will study cellular
functions such as protein structure and function, cytoskeletal
organization, cell migration, cellular metabolism, and cell signaling.
In laboratory, students will gain experience with modern techniques
for visualizing cell biological processes, with emphasis on
differential interference contrast (DIC) optics, flouresence, and
confocal microscopy. Prerequisites:BI106, and
CH105 or
CH107H. J. Bonner
BI 275. INTRODUCTION
TO BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1
An introductory exploration of research in the biological
sciences. Students plan, design, and implement a small research
project from the laboratory or field in coordination with
a faculty member. This experience will allow students at various
stages of their careers to sample research methodologies in
particular subdisciplines of biology. Students may only take
four BI275 courses in their careers and no more than two in
any given semester. If more than one is taken in one semester,
each BI275 must be in a different section. Prerequisites:
Completion of one 100-level course in biology or requirements
set forth in individual sections plus permission of instructor.
NS 277. INTEGRATIVE SEMINAR IN NEUROSCIENCE
RESEARCH 1
A study of selected areas of neuroscience research and techniques.
Both primary source articles and first-person accounts by
faculty in the Biology and Psychology Departments are used
to introduce the theoretical and practical aspects of neuroscience
research. Emphasis will be placed on understanding the multiple
levels (e.g., molecular to behavioral) at which research topics
in neuroscience can be addressed and also the ways in which
research techniques define the types of questions that can
be asked at a given level of analysis. Prerequisites:
This course should be taken upon completion of
NS101
and the completion of (or current enrollment in) at least one
other core or elective course from the list of courses in the
Neuroscience major.
Must be taken S/U. Biology and/or Psychology Faculty
BI 299. PROFESSIONAL
INTERNSHIP IN BIOLOGY 3
Internship opportunity for students whose curricular foundations
and experience have prepared them for professional work related
to the major field. With faculty sponsorship and department
approval, students may extend their educational experience
into such areas as laboratory or field research, or clinical
medicine. Does not count toward the major.
Prerequisite: completion of at least one related
200-level course (as determined by the department). Must be taken S/U.
BI 302. BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY 3
An examination of the relationship between ecological factors and animal
behavior, particularly social behavior. Students will analyze
comparative studies of behavior, employ and critique economic models of
behavior and models of evolutionarily stable strategies, and explore
relationships among resource distribution, kinship, breeding systems, and
social evolution. Prerequisites:BI106 or ES105
and any two 200-level biology courses. M. Raveret Richter
BI 305. CARDIOVASCULAR
PHYSIOLOGY 4
A consideration of cardiovascular physiology, including cellular physiology of the heart, mammalian
cardiovascular dynamics, aspects of comparative and developmental
cardiac physiology, and human clinical cardiology. Three hours of
lecture, three hours of laboratory per week. Prerequisites:
BI106 and two 200-level biology courses
or permission of instructor. Offered in alternate years. R. Meyers
BI 306. MAMMALIAN
PHYSIOLOGY 4
A study of selected topics in mammalian physiology, including respiratory, renal, and neural physiology.
Prerequisites:BI106 and
BI244 or permission of instructor; for neuroscience students:
NS101,
BI105, and BI244.
Three hours of lecture, three hours of laboratory per week.
Offered in alternate years. R. Meyers
BI 307. ORNITHOLOGY 4
Birds as model organisms for an integrative study of biology.
This course explores avian form and function; the ecology,
evolution, and behavior of birds; and avian conservation.
Prerequisites: either BI106
or ES105,
and any two 200-level biology courses. Three hours of lecture, three hours of fieldwork or lab a
week. One Saturday field trip. C. Freeman-Gallant
BI 309. MICROBIAL GENETICS 4
An advanced exploration of the genetic aspects of microbiology.
Students will study the genetic characteristics of prokaryotes and how
bacterial model organisms contribute to our understanding of
fundamental genetic processes in all living cells. Students will also
explore applied topics, including the genetics of bioremediation and
increasing prevalence of bacterial antibiotic resistance. In the
laboratory, students will use modern methods in molecular genetics to
explore the use of microorganisms in basic research.
Prerequisites: BI106, and
CH106 or
107H, and
BI242 or
BI246. S. Franke
BI 311. BIOLOGICAL
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 4
Practical and theoretical study of the operation and application
of electron microscopes and the preparation of samples for
electron microscopy. Topics include chemical fixation, cryofixation,
cytochemistry, immunolabeling, ultramicrotomy, transmission
electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron
microscopic photography. Prerequisite:BI106 and BI243 or BI244BI106 and
BI243,
BI244, or
BI247
or permission of instructor. Two hours of lecture and four
hours of lab a week D. Domozych
BI 316. ANIMAL
BEHAVIOR 4
Behavior is a product of evolution and a means of animal adaptation.
This course considers the mechanisms, proximate causes, and
ultimate origins of behavior. Prerequisite:
BI106 or
ES105,
and any two 200-level biology courses; for neuroscience students:
NS101,
BI105, and
BI244.
Three lectures, three hours of lab or fieldwork a week. One
Saturday field trip. M. Raveret Richter
BI 323. DEVELOPMENTAL
BIOLOGY 4
The study of the progressive, sequential changes that occur
within cells, tissues, and organisms over time. The study
of development encompasses molecular, biochemical, cellular,
morphological, and physiological organizational levels. Course
topics range from gametogenesis and embryonic development
to molecular mechanisms of gene regulation. Prerequisites:BI106 and any two 200-level biology courses; for neuroscience students:
NS101,
BI105, and
BI244.
Three lectures, three hours of lab a week. The Department
BI 324. EVOLUTION 4
A survey of topics in evolutionary theory: the evidence for
evolution, mechanism of evolutionary change, species concepts,
and speciation. Introduction to the concepts of variability,
adaptation, neutrality, and phylogeny through discussion and
lab work. Prerequisites: either
BI106 or
ES105,
and any two 200-level biology courses. Three hours of lecture,
three hours of lab a week. C. Freeman-Gallant
BI 325. TROPICAL
ECOLOGY 3
An introduction to the ecology of tropical regions, with an
emphasis on Central and South American forests. In this course,
we will take an ecological approach to investigating the patterns,
processes, and organisms characterizing tropical ecosystems.
We will study the forces that gave rise to tropical biodiversity,
and discuss both the preservation and destruction of tropical
ecosystems. Prerequisites: Either
BI106 or
ES105,
and any two 200-level biology courses. M. Raveret Richter
TX 301. TROPICAL
FIELD ECOLOGY 2
This travel seminar and its companion lecture course, Tropical
Ecology (BI325), comprise a classroom- and field-based introduction
to the ecology of tropical regions, with an emphasis on Central
and South American forests. Students, who must be concurrently
enrolled in BI325, will meet in a discussion section throughout
the semester, and will travel to the tropical cloud forest
community of Monteverde, Costa Rica, during spring break.
TX301 does not count toward the biology major as a 300-level
elective course, nor does it count as a supportive course
for ecology, evolution, and behavior concentrators; BI325
does fulfill these requirements.
Prerequisites: Either
BI106 or
ES105,
and any two 200-level biology courses.
Offered in alternate years. M. Raveret Richter and Biology Faculty
BI 327. CONSERVATION ECOLOGY 3
Focuses upon developing an understanding of the diversity
of life, in an ecological and evolutionary context, and applying
that understanding to critical analyses of issues and problems
in conservation biology. Prerequisites: either
BI106 or
ES105,
and any two 200-level biology courses. M. Raveret Richter
BI 337. PLANT
PHYSIOLOGY 4
The behavior, growth, transport processes, and environmental
response of plants. Topics include membrane dynamics and function,
plant cell development and polarity, solute and water transport,
mineral and vitamin nutrition, respiration photosynthesis,
hormone action, photoperiodism, taxes and stress biology.
Two lectures, four hours of lab a week. Prerequisites:
BI106 and
BI243. D. Domozych
BI 338. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY 4
A modern analysis of humankind's use of plants and fungi and
their derived products. Major subjects covered include ethnobotany,
plant genetic engineering, plant biochemistry, techniques
of plant production, agricultural practices, horticulture,
and medicinal botany/mycology. Three hours of lecture, three
hours of lab a week. Prerequisite:
BI106 and
BI243 or permission of instructor. D. Domozych
BI 339. PLANT-ANIMAL INTERACTIONS 4
Exploration of the evolution and ecology of interactions between
plants and animals. Topics include mutualism (e.g., pollination,
frugivory), antagonism (e.g., herbivory, granivory), indirect effects
that cascade across taxa, and mechanisms by which plant-animal
interactions affect the susceptibility of both groups to pathogenic
microbes and fungi. Students perform all the steps of active
research (research design, data collection, analysis and
presentation), as well as read and critique classic and recent
studies from the literature. Student research in Skidmore's North
Woods and surrounding areas will be emphasized. Three hours of
lecture/discussion and one three-hour lab per week. Prerequisites:BI105,
106, and
any two 200-level BI courses. J. Ness
BI 342. FRONTIERS IN
MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE 3
This course will explore "hot topics" in Neuroscience. We will discuss
how novel approaches in cell culture, animal, and human studies are being
used in current molecular neuroscience research. In addition to
attending lectures, students will review current literature from top journals,
give group presentations in class, and write a paper. This course will be
divided into two sections: 1) topics in neurogenesis (neuron birth in
the adult brain) and 2) topics in neurodegeneration (mechanisms of cell
death in disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease).
Students will develop skills in critically reading research papers and
giving presentations. Prerequisites:BI106, 242, and one 200-level biology course;
for neuroscience students: NS101, BI105, and BI244.BI106,
242 or
247, and one 200-level biology course;
for neuroscience students:
NS101,
BI105, and
BI142,
244, or
247.
J. Bonner
BI 344. BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS 4
Organisms in all the major taxonomic groups have internalized
geophysical and other periodicities in the form of endogenous
biological mechanism that function as clocks. Theoretical,
molecular, cellular, physiological, behavioral, ecological,
and biomedical aspects of biological clocks will be examined,
with an emphasis on circadian clocks. Three hours of lecture,
three hours of lab per week. Prerequisite:BI106 and any two 200-level biology courses or permission of instructor;
for neuroscience students:
NS101,
BI105, and
BI244. B. Possidente
BI 348. IMMUNOBIOLOGY 3
A study of the ways in which the immune system recognizes
and responds to cells or molecules that are non-self. The
course will explore the basic biological processes that underlie
the function of the immune system in health and disease. Prerequisites:BI106,
242 or
247,
and one other 200-level biology course. The Department
BI 349. NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 4
Hormones act throughout the body to coordinate basic biological
functions such as development, reproduction, and metabolism.
This course will investigate how hormones work in the brain
to regulate physiology and behavior. We will study the molecular
bases of neuroendocrine regulation, with a focus on how the
hypothalmic-pituitary-gonadal axis functions to regulate reproduction,
homeostasis, metabolism, and stress. Laboratory sessions will
explore various approaches to neuroendocrine research, including
detection of hormone receptors in the brain and assessment
of biological functions through bioassays. Prerequisites:
BI106,
BI242 or
BI244 (both recommended),
and one other 200-level biology course; for neuroscience students:
NS101,
BI105, and
BI244. The Department
BI 351. TOPICS
IN BIOLOGY 3 or 4
This course gives students an opportunity to study topics
that are not offered on a regular basis. The specific topics
will vary each time the course is taught. All courses fulfill
the 300-level requirements for the biology major. Three-credit
courses are taught without laboratories; four-credit course
include a weekly three-hour lab. May be repeated for credit.
Prerequisite: permission of department. BI351A fulfills the 300-level elective course requirement of the
ecology, evolution, and behavior concentration.
BI351E fulfills the 300-level supportive course or elective course course
requirement of the ecology, evolution, and behavior concentration.
BI351M fulfills the 300-level supportive course requirement of the
molecular and cell biology
molecular biology, cell biology, and genetics concentration or the 300-level
elective course requirement of the ecology, evolution, and
behavior concentration.
BI 352, 353. TOPICS IN ADVANCED GENETICS 3, 4
An opportunity to study advanced topics in genetics that are not offered
on a regular basis. The specific topic may vary each time the course is
taught. All courses fulfill the 300-level requirements for the
integrative biology concentration. Three-credit courses are taught
without lab; four-credit courses include a weekly three-hour lab.
Different topics may be repeated for credit. Prerequisites:BI106 and either BI242 or 245, or permission of instructor.BI106 and
242,
245, or
247.
The Department
BI352E and BI353E fulfill the 300-level supportive
or elective course requirement for the ecology, evolution, and behavior concentration.
BI352M and BI353M fulfill the 300-level supportive course requirement
for the molecular biology and genetics concentration.
BI 360. GENE EXPRESSION I: DNA METABOLISM 3
An examination of eukaryotic chromatin structure, maintenance, and
function. We will explore the structural and molecular composition of
chromatin, how this macromolecule is assembled, how it is faithfully
maintained, and how its molecular architecture controls gene expression.
Integral to this course will be the study of the various modes of
inquiry and research tools utilized by scientists to investigate these
questions. In addition, we will examine how defects in many of these
processes contribute to human disease.
Prerequisites:BI106 and
242 and
CH221;
BI245 suggested. P. Hilleren
BI 361. BIOLOGY OF VIRUSES 3
An exploration of the structure, genetics, and pathogenesis of all types
of viruses, from bacterial to mammalian. Rather than taking an
encyclopedic approach, the course begins as an overview of common themes
in the life cycles of all viruses. Building upon this foundation, the
course will then draw largely from recent published research to explore
features of the life cycle and pathogenesis of specific viruses.
Prerequisites:BI106 and
242 or
246. The Department
BI 362. BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS: A MOLECULAR APPROACH 3
An exploration of the latest techniques used to study bacteria-host
interactions at the molecular level. The course delves into common
obstacles that disease-causing bacteria must overcome in order to
colonize a human host and the general strategies bacteria have evolved
to overcome these obstacles. Comparisons will be made to symbiotic
bacteria-host interactions and questions such as "How did pathogenic
bacteria evolve?" will be addressed. Grounded in current published
research, the class will also explore, at the molecular level,
mechanisms used by specific pathogens to colonize and damage host
tissue. Prerequisites:BI106 and
246,
245 recommended. S. Franke
BI 363. GENE EXPRESSION II: mRNA METABOLISM 3
An investigation into our current mechanistic understanding of the
central features of eukaryotic gene expression, including the synthesis,
processing, export, translation, and turnover of mRNA and the biological
machines that carry out these fundamental processes. In addition, we
will examine how defects in these processes contribute to human disease.
Prerequisites:BI106,
BI242 and
CH221;
BI360 strongly recommended;
BI245 suggested. P. Hilleren
BI 370. COMPUTER
MODELING OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 4
An introductory course in the methods, procedures, uses,
and implications of digital computer modeling of biological processes,
from the molecular through the population level or organization,
with particular focus on the systems level. Three hours of lecture,
three hours of laboratory per week. Prerequisite:BI106
or ES105
or permission of instructor. R. Meyers
BI 371. INDEPENDENT STUDY 3
An opportunity for students to pursue in depth specialized
topics not available through regular course offerings. Prerequisite:
agreement of a faculty member to serve as tutor, a topic acceptable
both to student and tutor, and permission of the Department.
Biology majors may take either BI371 or 385 only once to satisfy a 300-level biology course requirement. The Department
BI 377, 378. SENIOR CAPSTONE IN BIOLOGY 2, 1
A two-part course consisting of BI 377 (2 credits), to be taken in the
fall of the senior year, and BI 378 (1 credit), to be taken in the
spring of the senior year. An integration of curricular experiences in
the biology major with emphasis on development of
students into participating members of the scientific community.
Students will independently demonstrate and document their mastery of
biological concepts and techniques, and collaborate to communicate
research to each other, the department, and the college.
Prerequisite: Senior status. The Department
BI 385. RESEARCH METHODS IN BIOLOGY 4
An opportunity for students to engage in laboratory or field research
in collaboration with a faculty member. Emphasis is on the
development of analytical and technical expertise in biological
research. Students meet weekly for one hour of discussion but work
independently with their individual faculty mentors in pursuit of
their research. Students defend their results in the form of an oral
presentation to the Department. S/U only.Prerequisites: agreement
by a faculty member to serve as mentor, completion of two 200-level
courses in Biology, and permission of the Department.
Biology majors may take either BI371 or 385 only once to satisfy a 300-level biology course requirement. I. Methods in Integrative Biology
E. Methods in Ecology, Evolution and Behavior
M. Methods in Molecular Biology and GeneticsMolecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Genetics
BI 399. PROFESSIONAL
INTERNSHIP IN BIOLOGY 3 or 6
Professional experience at an advanced level for juniors and
seniors with substantial academic experience in the major
field. With faculty sponsorship and department approval, students
may extend their educational experience into such areas as
laboratory or field research, or clinical medicine. Does not
count toward the major. Offered satisfactory/unsatisfactory
only. Prerequisite: completion of at least one related
300-level course (as determined by the department). Must be taken S/U.
