You are encouraged to form study groups with your fellow classmates.

Section I Identification Terms

Answer 4 out of 6 (20 minutes ) The identification terms will be taken directly from the list below. The IDs are drawn from the Study Guide’s list of questions and terms. Each ID term is worth 5 points each. You should identify the term (1 point), explain its significance (3 points), and give an example (1 point). Note that 60% of the points come from explaining the significance of the ID. The list of study questions at the bottom of the page is useful in determining what the significance of the ID is.

Section II Essay Questions

I will choose 2; you will have to answer 2. (20 minutes each) The questions will be taken verbatim from the list below.

Some advice for essay questions

1. Make a coherent argument in response to each question. Outline your answers in advance.
2. Use the readings and authors’ names in your answer. (e.g. Loeb argues that citizens are ….; Devolution is a bad idea according to Donahue because …)
3. Use specific examples to support your arguments. The ID terms are a good place to start. “Federalism can promote a race to the bottom” is not as good an answer as “Federalism can promote a race to the bottom like with the spread of gambling”
4. Make sure to define the concepts you use in your answers. Unfunded mandates are . .
5. You will be hard pressed to sufficiently answer all the questions during the allotted time period. Your answers should be concise and avoid unnecessary words and fluff (e.g. The framers had just won the revolutionary war against the oppressive British Government and King George and now faced the difficult challenge of . . ). You may also abbreviate i.e. Pres, H of R, EC for electoral college, Con. for Constitution etc; just make sure it is relatively clear. I will not be able to guess that SG stands for solicitor general.

You essay answers will be evaluated based upon
1. the clarity of your argument
2. the use of the readings and lectures
3. the creative use of examples from lectures and readings to make your arguments
4. the clarity of concept definitions.

Essay Questions I will select TWO.

2. What are Roche, Diamond, and Beard’s interpretations of the constitution? What specific elements of the constitution or the Federalist Papers do they use to make their argument? Whose argument seems most plausible and why?

3. Should the federal government devolve responsibilities for permitting offshore oil drilling to the states? What are the specific advantages and disadvantages of having state governments versus the federal government making this decision?

4. Does American democracy require significant participation by its citizens?

5. In the past 2 weeks, the federal government owns 80% of the insurance conglomerate AIG and is poised to purchase $700 billion worth of financial institutions. What would Freedman and Bowles et al say about this? Does this unprecedented expansion of government into the workings of the market threaten individual freedom and democracy or not? In your answer, make sure you discuss how markets promote and impinge on political freedom.

6. How do different theories of American political culture explain our lack of universal health care insurance and our immigration policy?

List of ID Terms

Direct democracy
Representative democracy
popular model of democracy
responsible model of democracy
permanent campaign
Articles of Confederation
taxation without representation
declaration of independence
consent of the governed
separation of power
checks and balances
Shays rebellion
Connecticut Compromise
Electoral college compromise
Supremacy clause
3/5ths compromise
“ambition must be made to counteract ambition”
“men are not angels”
Madison's solution to the problem of faction
Latent causes of faction
Tyranny of the majority
Beverly Hillbillies vs. CSPAN
Pete Knutson
Bowling alone
elite and popular democrats view of the role of citizens
Mueller’s definition of democracy
citizen apathy
Learned helplessness
federalism
unfunded mandates
devolution
tenth amendment of the constitution
supremacy clause
dual federalism
Commerce clause
Cooperative federalism
Constitutional basis for federalism
Categorical grants
Block grants
Laboratories of democracy
“separate checks” (from Eggers)
devolution revolution
laboratories of democracy
race to the bottom
covenant marriage
expansion of gambling
Voluntary exchanges
Neighborhood effects
Capital Strike
limits of democratic control of the capitalist economy
American individualism
Traditional explanations of American political culture
Limits of political culture for explaining public policy
Multiple Traditions explanation of political culture
global competition of civilizations
patriotic immigration
assimilation
Office of Migrant Education
Identity card

Study Questions: These questions will not be on the exam, however, they are useful for understanding the significance of the IDs and answering the essay questions.

What were the major challenges faced by the framers and how were they addressed?
What was Shays’ Rebellion and why does it matter?
Why were elites so discouraged with government under the Articles of Confederation?
What are Roche, Diamond, and Beard’s interpretations of the constitution? What specific elements of the constitution or the Federalist Papers do they use to make their argument? Whose argument seems most plausible and why?
What did Madison and the founders believe was the causes and consequences of “tyranny of the majority” and how did the founders hope to avoid it?
What is meant by the separation of powers?
What are checks and balances and what are there consequences for government performance?
What intellectual differences split the anti-federalists and federalists? What are Madison and Brutus’s view of human nature? Of participation by ordinary citizens? Of
elected representatives?

Federalism
What is dual federalism? Cooperative federalism? New federalism? Coercive Federalism?
How do categorical grants and block grants differ?
Which level of government is most appropriate to make decisions?
How has the relationship between state governments and the national government changed since the early years of the republic?
W hich level of government (federal or state and local) is the most appropriate one to make to make decisions on education, welfare, death penalty, or marriage policy?Why? What are the specific advantages and disadvantages of having state or local governments versus the federal government make policy on each issue?

The Role of the Market in a Democracy
Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom
1.What is the relationship between economic freedom and political freedom? Why do markets promote or enable political freedom?
2. What are voluntary exchanges and why are they important?
3.What is the appropriate role for government? What are neighborhood effects and their implication for government action?
4.What is his view of the growth of market on political freedom?

Bowles and Edwards, The Market Erodes Democratic Government
1.What is the relationship between government activity and the market
2.What is their view of the growth of market on political freedom?
3.What are the limits of democratic control of the capitalist economy? How do markets erodes democratic government?
1. What is the relationship between economic freedom and political freedom? How do markets promote or enable political freedom? How do they impinge upon it?
2. What are voluntary exchanges and capital strikes and why are they important?
3. What are the limits of democratic control of the capitalist economy? How do markets erodes democratic government? Give an example.
4. What might each author say about the causes and consequences of the recently enacted $85 billion bailout of the insurance giant AIG by the Federal government?
5. Income inequality is at a record high in America. As long as all citizens still maintain equal political rights, is such inequality necessarily harmful to democracy?
6. Whose arguments would Madison be more sympathetic to, Friedman and Bowles and Edwards, and why?
7. "For minimal democracy we require a market system. For fuller democracy, we may require its elimination." What would Friedman and Bowles and Edwards say?

Citizens and Democracy
1. What are Mueller and Loeb’s arguments about the role of citizens in a democracy? What does the good citizen look like? What is expected from citizens? Why do
citizens participate (or not) in politics?
2. What would both authors say about the causes and consequences of the outpouring of citizen interest and activism in America after the September 11 terrorist attacks
for American democracy?
3. The US has never had significant participation or civic involvement in our history, it demonstrates that wide participation is not necessary for it to work. True or False?
What is the liberal consensus?
Why is it important for understanding American politics?
What are the components of this consensus?
1. What is the political culture explanation for why America doesn't have a national health care system?

Immigration
Why does Wattenberg think immigration is good?
Why does Wattenberg believe that high levels of immigration do not threaten our political culture?
What are the implications of Wattenberg’s ideas for our immigration policy?
What are the components of Gingrich’s patriotic immigration policy?

In what ways does our immigration policy reflect our liberal political culture- think citizenship test & Wattenberg's ideas? In what ways does the debate over how we should change our immigration policy reflect our illiberal political culture (think Gingrich's patriotic immigration plan)?