Greek Bronze Age/Mycenaean Civilization
Phoenicians
Carthage
Greek settlements in Italy: Ischia, Cumae, Sicily, Tarentum
Etruscan origins: Asia Minor (Lydia? Lemnos?) or outgrowth of Villanovans
Etruscan religion: Etrusca disciplina, haruspices
Kings (lucumo, lucumones), retainers (lictors), fasces
Etruscan League of 12 Cities, centered at Volsinii
Hoplite phalanx
Etruscan influence: Etruria, Latium, Campania; Battle of Alalia (Corsica), 535 BC, Etruscans+Carthaginians vs. Greeks
Etruscan influence on Rome: oppidum, pagus, populi
Latin League: worship of Jupiter Latiaris at Alban Mount and town of Alba Longa; worship of Diana
Mythical foundation of Rome: April 21, 753 BC
Iron Age settlements in Rome: on four of the seven hills of Rome (the Palatine, the Quirinal, the Viminal, the Esquiline), also in the Forum; also at Alba Longa
pomerium and the Capitoline Hill
Seven Kings of Rome, 753-509 BC
Last three (Etruscans): Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus ("the Proud")
Roman/Etruscan rule: rex, imperium, fasces, senatus (conscripti), comitia curiata
509 BC: overthrow of Etruscan rule, led by Lucius Iunius Brutus
Tripartite Temple of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva on the Capitoline Hill