Roman values and concepts
Titus Livius Historia	“I invite the reader's attention to ... consideration of the kind of lives our ancestors lived ... in that record you can find for yourself and your country both examples and warnings: fine things to take as models; base things, rotten through and through, to avoid.” Livy, Historia ab urbe condita (“History of Rome from the foundation of the city”), praefatio (“preface”)
	dignitas	“value, self-worth”
	pietas vs. superbia	“piety, respect for the gods” vs. “haughtiness, hubris”
	virtus (< vir)	“courage, virtue” (< “man”)
	fides	“trustworthiness, loyalty”
	gravitas	“seriousness of purpose”
	pater familiae and patria potestas	“father of the household” and “the power of the father”
	familia	“household”
	mos maiorum and novus homo (pl. novi homines)	“tradition of the ancestors” and “new man” (first in family to hold consulship)
	patricii vs. plebes	“patricians” vs. “plebeians”
	optimates vs. populares	“traditionalists” vs. “populists”
	libertas vs. servitus	“freedom” vs. “servitude”
	otium vs. negotium	“leisure” vs. “occupation”
	frugalitas vs. luxuria	“frugality” vs. “luxuriousness, debt”
	agricultura vs. latifundia	“small family farms” vs. “large estates”
	res Latinae vs. res Graecae	“Latin affairs” vs. “Greek affairs”
	religio Romanae vs. religio alienae	“Roman religion” vs. “foreign religion”
	Roman nomenclature
men	Marcus Tullius Cicero	praenomen nomen (family name) cognomen
women	Tullia (Tullia Prima, Tullia Secunda)	feminine form of nomen
slaves	Tiro	single name
freedmen	Marcus Tullius Tiro	praenomen and nomen of owner + name
	Transmission of family values
	· connections to mos maiorum	genealogy, nomenclature, death masks and ancestor busts, tombs and rituals
	Transmission of state values
	· physical setting	forum (temples, monuments, public space), historic sites (Rostra, Servian wall, house of Romulus), inscriptions (fasti)
	· ritual	political (elections, Senate and assembly speeches, courtroom trials), festivals, triumphs and ovations, spectacles (gladiatorial, chariot racing, theatrical)
	· personal contact	patroni (“patrons”) and clientes (“clients”)
	· literature	histories, poetry and exempla (“models of behavior”)