ECONOMIC CHANGES:

• INFLUX OF WEALTH FROM PROVINCES (VS. AGRARIAN ECONOMY)
• DEVASTATION FROM PUNIC WARS
• IMPORTATION OF GRAIN FR. SICILY, SARDINIA
• CONSCRIPTION IN WARS --> RUINED HOMESTEADS
• WAR & PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION -->
• WEALTHY SENATORS, EQUITES; LAND PURCHASES, RISE OF LATIFUNDIA & ABSENTEE LANDLORDS (INSTEAD STEWARDS) IN URBAN CENTERS
• FLOODS OF SLAVES - CHEAP LABOR
RESULT: LATIFUNDIAE (SING. LATIFUNDIA), LARGE ESTATES WORKED BY SLAVES, LARGELY OLIVE & VINE (POOR UNABLE TO SWITCH)
RESULT: FREE MEN ABANDON FARMS, ENTERPRISE ABROAD, DRIFT TO CITIES, RESTLESS MASSES
RESULT: AGER PUBLICUS (USUALLY 1/3 CONFISCATED FROM ENEMY, 2/3 TO ENEMY-OWNER) LIMITED TO 500 IUGERA (SINCE 367 BC), HAD SQUATTERS, NO STRICT ENFORCEMENT OF TAXATION, GROWTH OF LATIFUNDIAE